Everything about Khutor totally explained
Khutor or
hutor (
khutor;,
khutir) is usually taken to refer to a single-
homestead rural settlement (
farmstead) of
Eastern Europe. The word originated in
Ukraine, but later came to be applied to farmsteads in
Russia and
Kazakhstan.
Khutors were originally founded as a result of exploration of new lands by
Cossacks. In the
Cossack-settled regions of Ukraine,
Don and
Kuban the word
khutor was used to describe new settlements (notwithstanding the actual number of homesteads therein) which had detached themselves from bigger
villages or
stanitsas. These new settlements were alternatively known as
vyselki (literally, "those who moved away from their village").
In
Russia, where
serfdom and
obshchina (peasants' community) were maintained well into the nineteenth century, the khutors were unheard-of until the rise of
capitalism. The
emancipation of the serfs and the decay of the
obshchina were accompanied by introduction of khutors as isolated farmsteads with household structures and a plot of land for individual use.
During
his attempt to resolve the agrarian crisis in Russia,
Peter Stolypin envisaged rich
peasants "privatising" their share of the community (
obshchina) lands, leaving the
obshchinas, and settling in khutors on their now individually owned land. A less radical concept was that of an
otrub (отруб): a section of formerly
obshchina land, whose owner has left the
obshchina but still continued to live in the village and to "commute" to his land. By 1910 the share of khutors and
otrubs among all rural households in the European part of Russia was estimated at 10.5%. These were practically eliminated during the
collectivisation in the USSR.
Individual
estates and
dachas in
Estonia and
Ingria have been traditionally known as
myza (мыза), from the
Finnic word for "estate". In the late nineteenth century, similar estates in the
Baltic provinces came to be
Russified as khutors.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Khutor'.
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